Associate Member Buyers Guide

4RF is a world-class designer and manufacturer providing radio communications equipment for critical infrastructure applications to over 150 countries, for utilities, oil and gas companies, smart grid, water and wastewater, and other applications. 4RF products deliver highly secure communications, support serial and IP traffic, and are optimized for robust performance in temperature extremes and other harsh environments.

Brands: 4RF Aprisa LTE Aprisa SR+ Aprisa SRi Aprisa XE Aprisa SR+ Migration Master Station (MMS) MMS SCADA Wireless RF

Alligator Communications is a manufacturer of SCADA radios that serves the electrical, municipal, state and local utilities, and railroad industries since 1991. Located in Santa Clara CA, Alligator provides radios in all licensed bands from 140 MHz to 1.4 GHz as masters, polling masters, repeaters, and remotes.

To maintain an effective flow of data across Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Automated Meter Reading (AMR) and EFM (Electronic Flow Measurement) systems, you rely on flexible and secure solutions. AUTOSOL offers SCADA software that the world’s largest corporations know they can rely on.

Since 1987, AUTOSOL has been delivering powerful SCADA software and hardware products, and Electronic Flow Measurement (EFM) software to improve data performance and ensure its reliable, secure collection and delivery. Steadfast EFM and SCADA data helps measure and monitor effectively. As an early proponent of the Industrial Internet of Things, we’ve been leading the way to solve your industrial automation challenges well before the term was popular.

With an ever-growing range of devices, from those with the latest technologies to older equipment whose life must be extended to keep costs down, you expect SCADA communication to be dependable and occur in real-time. And in today’s environment, you depend on being able to securely transmit, monitor and control data, regardless of the number of devices in the system.

We offer a comprehensive set of products, such as the Autosol Communication Manager (ACM), that continues to set industry standards for ease of configuration and optimization, supporting communication across different manufacturer devices in their native protocols and over a single or multiple telemetry circuits. Our patented CryptoMod communication and security appliance solution delivers peace of mind for mission-critical infrastructure.

Beyond our products, our team of professionals provide expert installation and configuration support, training and software development. By leveraging our products with the expertise of our people, you are assured of a communications solution that delivers a rapid return on investment, and can be adapted to easily handle future needs.

With our comprehensive suite of data management solutions and experienced, innovative team, we have what it takes to keep your Data in motion.

Aviat Networks, Inc. works to provide dependable communications to our customers. As the world’s most trusted expert in wireless transport, and with more than one million systems sold, Aviat provides microwave and networking solutions to service provider and private network operators including state/local government, utility, federal government and defense organizations.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering over 200 fully featured services from data centers globally. Millions of customers—including the fastest-growing startups, largest enterprises, and leading government agencies—are using AWS to lower costs, become more agile, and innovate faster.

BEC Technologies is a leading manufacturer and global provider of next-generation wireless WAN connectivity solutions to addressing critical customer needs! We are driven by helping network solution providers create value, accelerate business growth, and devise new business models. BEC's high-performance platforms are built exclusively to meet business-critical needs for high reliability, high-performance, secure communications, and manageability.

Blackstar, an Epic Midstream Company, offers an array of industrial-grade managed fiber and wireless based services throughout Texas and New Mexico with a focus on energy and under served communities. Blackstar is paving the way for the digital oilfield and enabling the deployment of next generation automation and safety technologies via its proprietary network and platforms.

Cambium Networks is a leading global provider of wireless connectivity solutions that strengthen connections between people, places and things. Specializing in providing an end-to-end wireless fabric of reliable, scalable, secure, cloud-managed platforms that perform under demanding conditions, Cambium Networks empowers service providers and enterprise, industrial and government network operators to build intelligent edge connectivity. Cambium Networks’ commitment to continuous innovation and social responsibility in wireless access is demonstrated in the millions of radios deployed in thousands of networks that benefit communities around the world. Headquartered outside Chicago and with R&D centers in the U.S., U.K. and India, Cambium Networks sells through a range of trusted global distributors.

CelPlan has participated in the design of multiple advanced smart networks, covering applications that range from latency-sensitive grid automation to massive IoT metering. When required CelPlan's designs can analyze the network from both electrical and telecommunications points of view, identifying the best cost-benefit areas in which to start grid automation, for example, determining the optimal location for automated reclosers. Our expertise in telecommunications is not limited to the wireless arena and the designs can also consider your optical fiber and PTP backbone/backhaul assets. CelPlan designs aim to minimize CAPEX and OPEX, while providing a full feature network.

Cerento is an Engineering, Procurement and Construction company providing design, deployment and management of field communications systems. Cerento has in-house RF, RF Implementation, Network and Commission engineering, Project Management and Field Construction departments working primarily in the Oil & Gas industry.

Communication company serving Central and Southern California with Wireless and Wire solutions including SCADA, IoTT, MQTT, PMP, PTP, fiber, copper. Managed Services, Installation, Engineering for the Oil, Gas and Agriculture clients.

Architecture, Deployment, Management of wireless networks utilizing the 3.5GHz CBRS spectrum.

Connexa continues to be the leader in cutting-edge power products and systems, with a full line of solar products, UPS systems, SCADA/IIOT programming and development, electrical distribution racks, control panels, components, and much more.

Dupont Building, Inc. has been a leader in the manufacturing of fiberglass, steel interlocking panel & concrete composite shelters for over 38 years. Dupont shelters have a proven performance of quality and are economically priced, providing maximum protection of equipment.

EASTEX TOWER provides turnkey services in the wireless infrastructure services space, including macro towers, small cell, DAS, microwave, structural engineering, utility towers, technology upgrades, civil services, tower modifications, generator services, project management, and more.

End 2 End Technologies provides complete “end to end” industrial wireless communications, end point solutions and device management platforms. With highly trained engineers and experienced field technicians and software developers on staff, E2E takes a consultative approach with our customers to engineer, design and implement Industrial IoT solutions that best meets their needs

Since 1970, Flash Technology has designed and manufactured FAA and FCC tower lighting solutions and remote asset monitoring systems. Infrared LEDs are standard within the Vanguard series, and upgrading an existing Vanguard medium intensity system to IR is a breeze.

We offer a suite of support services:
• 24/7/365 monitoring, call center services and compliance/asset management through Flash NOC
• Component-level training with Flash University
• Warranty labor and field services
• Installation services

Future Technologies Venture, LLC is an END to END solution provider specializing in the assessment, planning, design, implementation, and support of innovative communications solutions. Future Technologies maintains a strong concentration on emerging standards such as 5G, 4G, Private LTE, WIFI, SCADA and Automation technologies. Through this practice and our knowledge of legacy solutions (2G, 3G, 2-Way, TDM) and Broadband Wireless solutions, Future Technologies consistently distinguishes itself as an industry expert in all aspects of customer network evolution for PRIVATE and PUBLIC network infrastructure projects throughout the US and International markets. Future Technologies is headquartered in Atlanta, GA.

GE Industrial Communications (GE MDS) provides energy companies best-in-class solutions with exceptional reliability by offering the broadest range of end-to-end communication products, network management, and professional services. With over 30 years of experience building industrial radios and over 2 million sites connected, GE MDS brings industry leading experience to your applications worldwide.

Our portfolio includes wireless radios for unlicensed and licensed communication in a variety of frequencies, industrial 4G LTE cellular routers and gateways, microwave high capacity backhauls, as well as a full portfolio of professional services, training, and accessories. These wireless networks carry serial and IP/Ethernet traffic, as well as analog and digital I/O signals connected directly to field devices and sensors, accommodating an extensive array of industrial protocols. With many legacy devices in the field today, GE MDS offers migration solutions to evolve your networks. With a focus on electric, water and gas utilities, our industrial wireless routers and modems are packaged, rated and tested to harsh specifications.

ICONICS is headquartered in Foxborough, Massachusetts and is a global software developer of visualization, HMI, SCADA and energy solutions. With over 375,000 installations in over 100 countries worldwide and running in over 70 percent of Global 500 companies, ICONICS software is recommended for automating, monitoring, and optimizing a customer's most critical assets. Learn more at https://iconics.com/Industries/Oil-and-Gas.

IHSE USA is a leading provider of KVM (keyboard, video, and mouse) products supporting long-distance signal extenders and switching for DVI, HDMI, VGA, SDI, USB, audio, and RS-232 serial data. For 35 years, IHSE has been developing new and innovative ways of supporting next-generation products for KVM and signal extenders. IHSE technology is deployed worldwide by public and private organizations in industries such as broadcasting, post production, government and military, medical, financial, and oil and petroleum. The company offers a complete line of DVI and HDMI video extenders over Cat-X or fiber-optic cables for mission-critical video and data access.

Industrial Networking Solutions (INS) distributes products, offers technical support and provides IT services for wired and wireless machine networking applications. Since its founding in 1998, INS has seen the industry space it serves evolve from “Industrial Ethernet” to “Machine-to-Machine” (M2M) and now the “Internet of Things” (IoT). Throughout these changes in industry jargon, though, one thing has stayed constant: INS’s commitment to provide our customers with best-in-class products, support and services for their critical wired and wireless machine networking applications.

INS is a pioneer in the distribution and support of machine networking solutions, and is one of the largest distributors in the world solely focused on this rapidly growing market. In addition to stocking and selling a wide range of Industrial and Enterprise M2M/IoT products, we also have an experienced engineering team which assists our customers with troubleshooting existing networks, as well as designing and implementing new industrial IT infrastructure. INS has offices conveniently located throughout the United States with representatives eager to assist you with your application. We look forward to working with you.

Infrastructure Networks Inc. (INET) is an enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT) and a top recognized provider of private 4G-LTE networks for Oil & Gas and Electric Utility. INET provides the first end-to-end, standards based network, eliminating the frustrations associated with scaling and managing communications technology. INET helps companies increase their productivity, safety and efficiency with near real-time connectivity for machine-to-machine communications. INET’s spectrum and coverage expands to over 50,000 sq miles and 5 of 7 major shale plays. INET also enables existing SCADA, Mobile Data, Video, Analytics, Workforce Automation and monitoring of other devices.

As the foundational architects of satellite technology, we apply our expertise to develop breakthrough solutions that advance and secure boundless applications for our customers and partners. Intelsat provides ubiquitous broadband connectivity, multi-format video broadcasting, secure satellite communications, and seamless mobility services that allow our customers and partners to imagine new ways to power success.

The network has never been more critical to business — nor has it been more complex. As the number of devices, operating systems, applications, and users continues to grow, how do you stay ahead? The answer is artificial intelligence. The network of the future starts today with the AI driven enterprise. As a leader in AI-driven architecture, we use AI-driven insight, automation, and actions to maximize the experience for your users. We bring unprecedented simplicity, reliability, and security to your network. From wired and wireless access and SD-WAN, to data centers and multicloud environments, let us show you the power of the AI-driven enterprise.

Keller and Heckman, founded in 1962, has a broad practice in the areas of regulatory law, litigation, and business transactions, serving both domestic and international clients. Our firm is a pioneer in the use of interdisciplinary approaches to problem-solving. Since 1971, we have had an in-house scientific staff that works closely with the firm's attorneys on matters of technical complexity. Many of our attorneys also have government experience and expertise in multiple areas of the law.

Lockard & White is a professional engineering firm providing the highest quality telecommunications system services in all phases of telecommunications, including planning, design, engineering, implementation, project management, training, licensing and system management. Lockard & White provides innovative telecommunications solutions by leveraging the collective experience and intellectual resources of the world's best engineers, planners, and project managers.

For over 35 years, Micronet has provided consulting services to a broad constituency of clients in the wireless microwave industry in every frequency band from 900 MHz to 90 GHz. Our expertise in interference analysis, frequency coordination and FCC licensing for wireless microwave, broadcast auxiliary and satellite communications clients is unmatched.

No other company – large or small – is able to offer the same depth and breadth of technical understanding while providing personalized customer service and attention to detail. Micronet constantly strives to provide high quality, competitively priced telecommunications planning and regulatory support services to licensees nationwide. Our mission is to continue this focus, while adapting to new technologies and services as they enter the marketplace.

Our energy communications ecosystem from private broadband, land mobile radio, video security and analytics solutions as well as control center software, and services can help improve your workflows. Together, this ecosystem provides our customers with reliable, resilient, and secure solutions, performing exactly when it matters - in everyday operations and unthinkable disasters alike.

MultiTech designs, develops and manufactures Cellular, Private LTE - CBRS, LP-WAN - LoRa technology for the oil & gas industry — connecting upstream and midstream devices and assets. Our commitment to quality and service excellence means you can count on MultiTech products and people to address your needs, while our 50 year history of innovation and US based manufacturing at our Minnesota HQ ensures you can stay ahead of the latest technology with a partner who will be there for the life of your solution. With a range of connectivity options to choose from, MultiTech helps owner/operators optimize operations from the field to the pump.

Noash Construction is a family-owned company located in Sebree, Kentucky, specializing in communications tower construction and maintenance, striving to provide reputable quality craftsmanship and service. We aim to build lasting relationships with our customers to continue serving them for years to come.

We believe in our mission statement: NCI provides communication tower services for our clients based on performing quality work and applying the “Golden Rule" (Luke 6:31) principle to every job that we perform and to everyone that we meet.

Ondas Networks Inc. is a wireless networking company that designs and manufactures its multi-patented, Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform for Mission Critical IoT (MC-IoT) applications. Ondas’ markets include Electric Utilities, Oil & Gas, Water, Rail, Transportation and Government. Customers use our SDR technology to deploy their own private licensed broadband wireless networks. Ondas Networks provides a frequency agnostic radio platform from 70 MHz to 6 GHz and beyond. We also offer mission-critical entities the option of a managed network service. Ondas’ SDR technology supports IEEE 802.16s, the new worldwide standard for private licensed wide area industrial networks.

IEEE 802.16s, addresses the mobile and fixed data connectivity needs of mission critical industries and the high-value-data delivery integrity required. The standard enables private, licensed radio frequencies for the exclusive use of network connected devices. The standard was developed hand-in-hand with the leadership and support of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the world’s leading utility research arm, and some of the US’s largest electric utilities. The standard is the elemental building block in the Industrial Internet of Things being adopted by electric utilities, oil & gas, water, rail, transportation, and government for mission critical applications.

Our radios enable wide area intelligent networks for smart grids, smart pipes, smart fields and any other mission critical network that needs internet protocol connectivity. Ondas’ technology supports secure wireless data communications using industry standards for AAA as well as customer selectable link-layer encryption up to AES 256.

Oxit is an IoT engineering service company offering a complete vision ranging from mass production solutions, embedded and hardware engineering to application and cloud development. Launched in 2014, Oxit has continually focused on true innovation in IoT services through the creation of solutions and products for an adaptive global business marketplace. Our diverse list of clientele, ranging across a multitude of industries, has grown to recognize and trust Oxit in partnering in all aspects of Smart Technology capabilities from designing to prototyping, development, and carefully launching their ideas. Today Oxit boasts millions of devices deployed across a variety of industry applications.

PCTEL is a leading global provider of wireless technology, including purpose-built Industrial IoT devices, antenna systems, and test and measurement solutions. Trusted by our customers for over 25 years, we solve complex wireless challenges to help organizations stay connected, transform, and grow. For more information, please visit our website at https://www.pctel.com/. PCTEL® is a registered trademark of PCTEL, Inc. © 2019 PCTEL, Inc. All rights reserved.

Across the country and across generations, Primus delivers solutions that power businesses, government, education, and research, connecting individuals and entire communities. Primus will help you in the planning, design, and construction of high-performing, cost-efficient communication solutions.

Kepware®, a PTC business, develops software that connect diverse industrial automation devices, machines, and software. With a portfolio of solutions that support both legacy and future-forward technology, Kepware enables Smart Manufacturing and industrial Internet of Things (IoT) initiatives. Kepware customers include industry leaders in Manufacturing, Oil & Gas, Building Automation, Power & Utilities, and other industrial ecosystems.

KEPServerEX®—Kepware’s flagship product—enables users to connect, manage, monitor, and control diverse automation devices and software through one user-friendly, integrated platform. Kepware helps thousands of businesses around the world improve operations, performance, data visibility, and decision-making. Learn more at www.kepware.com.

As a global telecom access solutions vendor, RAD is committed to enabling service providers and critical infrastructure operators to evolve any service over any network. By keeping at the forefront of pioneering technologies and engaging in co-innovation with our customers, we strive to help service providers move up the value chain at a pace that is right for them, while offering their end-customers and network operators added value – be it in network edge virtualization and vCPE, industrial IoT, or 5G xHaul.

Rajant Corporation is the exclusive provider of private wireless networks powered by the patented Kinetic Mesh® network, BreadCrumb® wireless nodes, and InstaMesh® networking software. With Rajant, customers can rapidly deploy a highly adaptable and scalable network that leverages the power of real-time data to deliver on-demand, mission-critical business intelligence. A low-latency, high-throughput, and secure solution for a variety of data, voice, video, and autonomous applications, Rajant’s Kinetic Mesh networks provide industrial customers with full mobility, allowing them to take their private network applications and data anywhere. With successful deployments in more than 55 countries for customers in military, mining, ports, rail, oil & gas, petrochemical plants, municipalities, and agriculture. Rajant is headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania with additional facilities and offices in Arizona, Kentucky, and Alabama. For more information, visit Rajant.com or follow Rajant on LinkedIn and Twitter.

Redline Communications is a leading global provider of the most resilient and innovative industrial wireless broadband solutions that are purpose-built with the most cost effective and downward scalable systems in the industry today for mission critical applications. As a trusted partner for more than 20 years, we are innovative, nimble and able to provide competitive prices and superior customer service for our valued customers. Redline Communication’s cutting-edge custom solutions empower our customers to go faster, farther and safer than ever before with our end-to-end communications infrastructure, even in the most challenging environments.

RLH Industries in Orange, CA USA designs and manufactures fiber optic communications equipment for Utility and Industrial markets since 1988. RLH products include Fiber Optic Industrial Media Converters and Ethernet Switches, Ethernet I/O, Industrial Power Supplies, Fiber Patch Panels , Fiber Cable Assemblies, and Outdoor telecom enclosures. Visit us at: www.FiberOpticLink.com

SAF Tehnika is one of world’s leading microwave data transmission equipment manufacturers with a global presence in over 130 countries. SAF microwave radios provide the best possible alternative to fiber optics. Our point-to-point systems offer data transmission speeds of up to 10 Gbps while being more affordable and efficient in places where a cable network is not available. Microwave links can be deployed in almost any environment and the link distances can reach 150 km.

SAF Tehnika offers customizable solutions to various industries, ranging from mobile operators and internet service providers to system integrators, oil & gas companies, mining industry enterprises and government & municipal institutions.

SAF Tehnika’s microwave radios cover licensed and license-free frequency bands within the 300MHz-87GHz range, with capacities up to 10 Gigabit full-duplex and 4QAM-4096QAM modulation range. Our latest generation microwave radio platform “Integra” is an unbelievably light, energy efficient carrier-grade system with lower total cost of ownership and easy installation.

SAF Tehnika has also created the world’s first ultra-light handheld spectrum analyser “Spectrum Compact”. It is an easy-to-use measurement solution for the 300MHz -87GHz frequency bands. This battery-powered device is a must-have tool for equipment installation, link troubleshooting and site planning.

SAF is committed towards providing a strong focus on both production and delivery of customer-adapted wireless solutions at a competitive price and the highest standards of quality. By choosing SAF you choose superior European build quality, exceptional service and technical support as well as the industry leading performance!

Visit www.saftehnika.com to learn more and make sure you subscribe to our blog at blog.saftehnika.com.

Companies are enabling Push-To-Talk (PTT) interoperability between VHF/UHF radios, dispatch consoles, smartphones and VoIP telecom using Skymira’s Radio over IP (RoIP) hardware and services. Bridging gaps in LMR networks, linking multiple locations, and raising worker safety exemplify how companies are using RoIP technology to boost operational performance. Skymira’s Private Routing and Intelligent System Management enable users to create talkgroups on the fly while automatically switching between Wifi / LTE / satellite.

Solarcraft specializes in remote power and electronics systems, housed in enclosures and shelters we build to spec. With our team of engineers, skilled fabricators, and electrical technicians, we build highly reliable, autonomously powered field automation systems for energy, communications, telemetry and transportation.

Texas Automation Systems has become a trusted partner in Automation by providing best-in-class automation and wireless system design, integration, programming and commissioning services. At its heart, TAS is a team of highly experienced and dedicated automation and telemetry professionals who are committed to making advanced technology, automation and engineering services work for our clients. Our goal is to apply our capabilities to our client’s needs enabling them to thrive in today’s competitive landscape.

Texas Cellnet is a distributor, systems integrator, reseller and provider of wired & wireless networking solutions and tower services. We offer a full range of network solutions by top industry manufacturers and provide complete solutions for a wide variety of applications.

Texas Cellnet. has over 30 years of experience in tower construction and broadband wireless networking products and has continued to excel in product advancement. We have gained valuable experience installing & designing wireless network solutions for Exxon, Dow Chemical, Martin Transportation, Plains Pipeline, Rosetta, Enterprise, Targa, and Oryx Midstream as well as others. We also specialize in Point to Point Wireless Ethernet Connections between 2 locations, as well as Point to Multipoint setups between multiple locations. Serving business to business, industrial, educational, government and military industries.

Times Microwave Systems designs and manufactures high performance coaxial cable, connectors, and cable assemblies for use in wireless systems. Products include flexible, low loss 50 Ohm LMR® coaxial cables, low PIM SPP jumpers for DAS, EZ connectors, installation tools and accessories. Times LMR® coaxial cable is considered the standard for flexible low loss coax cable.

Other products cover military-aerospace, shipboard high-performance flexible, semi-flexible and rigid coaxial cable assemblies, connectors and delay lines.

Times Microwave Systems is the leader in the design and manufacture of coaxial cables for RF and microwave applications.

Developer of VTScada Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Human Machine Interface (HMI) software. Specializing in high redundancy systems via the VTScada all-in-one platform.

Twin Eagle Solutions is an OT solutions company. We specialize in Industrial Wireless, Enterprise Networking, and Automation. We pride ourselves on being your one stop shop for all operational technology needs. We have been building ruggedized networks for over 20 years, and we are one of the leading companies in Video Automation. Our goal is to make your life easy with our customized solutions. We offer completely turnkey solutions all the way down to individual services. We also offer the option to pay for our solutions as a capital expense, or a monthly operating expense. If you need help with any of your operational technology, please feel free to reach out or visit our website.

Founded in March 1985, over the past three (3) decades UTSI has been responsible for the design and implementation of sophisticated industrial control systems and related technologies for many of the world’s largest energy corporations. UTSI’s original business focus was to provide consulting and system integration services to the oil & gas pipeline industry, specifically in relation to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The company’s other areas of expertise began as a natural outgrowth of its work in the oil & gas SCADA sector. Specific areas of expertise, complementary to our oil & gas SCADA and DCS capabilities, include, but are not limited to, pipeline leak detection and hydraulic modeling/simulation technologies, physical and cybersecurity specifically related to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and extensive capabilities in software research and development.

UTSI International Website: https://www.utsi.com/
UTSI International LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/utsi-internation/

VIKOR is a leading wireless infrastructure construction company specializing in work for the wireless, public utility, wind energy, oil and gas and other industries. At VIKOR, we can manage all aspects of your project, from the first steps of site acquisition to further details of design and planning to building and maintaining. Visit us at www.vikorinc.com

XetaWave offers high performance, software defined (SDR) wireless data radios and industrial automation products. Featuring the industry's broadest, global frequency range of licensed and unlicensed radios from 130 MHz – 2.4 GHz, multi-speed 9.6 kbps – 8.8 Mbps, available with single or dual channels, and integrated Ethernet and serial I/O. XetaEDGE is a flexible, low cost, C1D2 industrial Edge Computing application device. It features 4 GB of RAM, 8 programmable inputs and outputs, is available with a XetaWave radio, and is 100% open source allowing quick and simple hosting of many existing or new applications including AUTOSOL eACM and Inductive Automation Ignition Edge. XetaTS is a C1D2, low cost, simple, reliable terminal server. XetaINS offers a low cost migration path from legacy FreeWave networks into next generation, higher performing XetaWave technology. XetaWave X710 Mode is a standard feature within XetaWave radios which enable them to be utilized as direct, drop-in replacements for GE MDS X710 endpoints. XetaPAK offers long lasting power for remote sites. All XetaWave radios are 100% designed, manufactured, and tested to the highest standards at XetaWave's headquarters in Louisville, Colorado.